This study aims to find out the relationship between the quantity and types of LiMxMn2-xO4  (M: Co, Ni and Cr) and the physical characteristics (particle size, morphology and microstructure)  of LiMxMn2-xO4.
It serves as a development of the previous research that synthesized LiMn2O4  using simple solid-state method assisted by microwave irradiation. The variable examined in this study was the effects of dopant quantity and types on LiMn2O4. Quantity and type of dopant greatly affect the character of the results of the synthesis which includes purity, phase type, structure stability and crystallinity so that certain technique and control of these factors are needed. The synthesized LiMxMn2-xO4  was characterized using XRD and SEM-EDX while the microstructure characterization  was carried out ab initio using the WinPlotR and Diamond programs.
LiMxMn2-xO4  compounds (M: Co, Ni, and Cr) with x = 0; 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; 0.10 can be synthesized using microwave irradiation-assisted reflux techniques. The results of XRD data analysis show that the compounds LiNixMn2-xO4  and LiCrxMn2-xO4 had a cubic crystal system with a Fd-3m space group. As the variation of the value of x added increases, the lattice parameter value of LiNixMn2-xO4  decreases, while that of LiCrxMn2-xO4  increases. The results of SEM-EDX data analysis show that the surface of LiMn2O4  and LiMxMn2-xO4  (M: Co, Ni and Cr) compounds is irregularly shaped with a rough surface and there are cavities on its surface.